Maternidad, infancia y drogas: implicaciones clínicas

• Autores: H. Calvo Botella
• Localización: Adicciones: Revista de socidrogalcohol, ISSN 0214-4840, Vol. 16, Nº. 4, 2004, págs. 295-314
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.20882/adicciones.395
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen

  • RESUMEN Objetivos: Revisar la relación entre la exposición prenatal a drogas y el pronóstico fetal, neonatal e infantil. Material y métodos: se estudia el estado actual de la investigación relativa a la exposición prenatal a sustancias psicoactivas, mediante una extensa revisión de Medline y de las investigaciones de organismos norteamericanas y europeos durante los últimos años. Se presta especial atención a las dificultades metodológicas derivadas del objeto de estudio y a otros factores tales como la relación materno-infantil y las características de la mujer adicta. Resultados: la exposición prenatal a drogas se asocial a un amplio rango de complicaciones obstétricas y alteraciones neuroconductuales infantiles. Con la excepción del síndrome alcohólico fetal y otros efectos fetales ligados al alcohol, estas alteraciones suelen encontrarse en dominios cognitivos específicos y pueden estar moduladas por factores psicosociales y ambientales. Conclusiones: los niños expuestos prenatalmente a drogas pueden ser considerados un caso especial de infancia en riesgo. Es necesario investigar el impacto real de la exposición prenatal a sustancias psicoactivas y la relevancia de otros factores en su pronóstico a medio y largo plazo. Asimismo, es necesario implicar y formar a diferentes profesionales, tales como obstetras, ginecólogos y pediatras, y coordinar la intervención de las diferentes instituciones, para mejorar la atención prestada a la mujer drogodependiente y a sus hijos.

    Palabras clave: mujer, droga, teratógeno, embarazo de alto riesgo, manifestaciones neuroconductuales

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