Eficacia de la terapia de espejo en la rehabilitación post-ictus: revisión sistemática ampliada

• Autores: Ignacio Conde Arias, Andrea Fumanal Escartín, Teresa Sierra Pascual, Raquel Magaz Montaner, Patricia Costa Rodriguez, Ana María Lascorz Goicoechea
• Localización: Revista Sanitaria de Investigación, ISSN-e 2660-7085, Vol. 6, Nº. 9, 2025
• Idioma: español
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    Objetivo: Analizar la eficacia de la terapia de espejo en la rehabilitación de pacientes post-ictus, valorando su impacto sobre la recuperación motora, la función de la extremidad superior, el dolor y la calidad de vida.

    Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática en PubMed, Scopus, PEDro y Cochrane² hasta junio de 2025. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y estudios controlados que evaluaban la terapia de espejo como intervención aislada o combinada con fisioterapia convencional. Los desenlaces principales fueron función motora (Fugl-Meyer³, ARAT³), actividades de la vida diaria (Barthel³ Index), dolor y calidad de vida (SF-36).

    Resultados: Se analizaron 40 estudios con 3.800 pacientes. La terapia de espejo mejoró significativamente la función motora de la extremidad superior (mejoría media de +10 puntos en Fugl-Meyer³), la independencia funcional y la calidad de vida, con mayor efectividad en fases subagudas. Además, mostró beneficios en la reducción del dolor asociado a síndrome de dolor regional complejo post-ictus.

    Conclusiones: La terapia de espejo es una intervención eficaz, segura y de bajo coste en la rehabilitación post-ictus, especialmente para la recuperación motora de la extremidad superior y la mejora funcional.

  • English

    Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of mirror therapy in post-stroke rehabilitation, assessing its impact on motor recovery, upper limb function, pain, and quality of life.

    Methods: A systematic review was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, PEDro, and Cochrane² until June 2025. Randomized controlled trials and controlled studies evaluating mirror therapy alone or combined with conventional physiotherapy were included. Primary outcomes were motor function (Fugl-Meyer³, ARAT³), activities of daily living (Barthel³ Index), pain, and quality of life (SF-36).

    Results: Forty studies with 3,800 patients were analyzed. Mirror therapy significantly improved upper limb motor function (+10 Fugl-Meyer³ points), functional independence, and quality of life, with greater effectiveness in subacute phases. Additionally, it reduced pain associated with post-stroke complex regional pain syndrome.

    Conclusions: Mirror therapy is an effective, safe, and low-cost intervention in post-stroke rehabilitation, particularly for upper limb motor recovery and functional improvement.

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