Miguel Ángel Ayuga Luque, Dolores Torres-Enamorado, Rosa Casado Mejía 
Objetivo: Analizar si el chemsex constituye, por sí solo, un factor de riesgo sexual en hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH), especialmente respecto al sexo sin preservativo y la adquisición de infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS).
Diseño: Revisión de alcance realizada siguiendo la guía PRISMA-ScR.
Fuentes de datos: Se consultaron PubMed®, WOS®, Scopus®, CINAHL®, CUIDEN® y BV-SSPA entre diciembre de 2023 y enero de 2024. Se usaron descriptores como «Sexual and Gender Minorities», «Chemsex», «Sexual Behavior» y «Sexually Transmitted Diseases».
Selección de estudios: Se identificaron 1.168 referencias. Tras eliminar duplicados y aplicar criterios de inclusión, se seleccionaron 19 estudios. Se exigió definición explícita de chemsex y análisis directo de su relación con sexo sin preservativo y/o ITS.
Extracción de datos: Tres revisores extrajeron los datos. Se recogieron variables sobre tipo de estudio, rol del chemsex, uso de preservativo, cribado de VIH/ITS, uso de PrEP y prevalencia de ITS bacterianas.
Resultados: El chemsex se asoció con mayor prevalencia de sexo sin preservativo (hasta el 79%) y más ITS (gonorrea: 57,4% en chemsexers vs. 39,1%). También se observó mayor uso de PrEP, sin clara disminución de ITS. No se reportaron intervalos de confianza ni análisis de sensibilidad de forma uniforme.
Conclusiones: El chemsex representa una práctica sexual de riesgo en HSH. Se requieren intervenciones desde atención primaria centradas en prevención, diagnóstico precoz y educación sexual.
Objective: To determine whether chemsex, by itself, constitutes a sexual risk factor among men who have sex with men (MSM), particularly concerning condomless sex and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Design: Scoping review conducted according to PRISMA-ScR guidelines.
Data sources: PubMed®, WOS®, Scopus®, CINAHL®, CUIDEN®, and BV-SSPA were searched between December 2023 and January 2024 using terms such as «Sexual and Gender Minorities», «Chemsex», «Sexual Behavior», and «Sexually Transmitted Diseases».
Study selection: A total of 1,168 records were identified. After removing duplicates and applying eligibility criteria, 19 studies were included. All required an explicit definition of chemsex and direct analysis of its association with condomless sex and/or STI acquisition.
Data extraction: Three reviewers independently extracted data. Variables included study type, chemsex as independent or dependent variable, condom use, HIV/STI screening, PrEP use, and STI prevalence.
Results: Chemsex was associated with increased condomless sex (up to 79%) and higher STI rates (e.g., gonorrhea: 57.4% in chemsexers vs. 39.1%). PrEP use was more common among chemsexers but not clearly linked to lower STI incidence. Confidence intervals and sensitivity analyses were inconsistently reported across studies.
Conclusions: Chemsex is a high-risk sexual practice among MSM, strongly associated with condomless sex and increased STI prevalence. Primary care should implement targeted strategies for prevention, early detection, and sexual health education in this population.