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El trastorno esquizoafectivo es una patología psiquiátrica compleja que combina sintomatología psicótica con alteraciones del estado de ánimo, dificultando su abordaje clínico. Este estudio de caso analiza la evolución de una paciente de 61 años con diagnóstico de trastorno esquizoafectivo, caracterizado por episodios depresivos y maníacos con exacerbaciones psicóticas. Se evidenció que la interrupción del tratamiento farmacológico, desencadenada por estresores psicosociales, precipitó crisis sintomatológicas que requirieron hospitalización psiquiátrica.
La valoración de enfermería basada en los patrones funcionales de Marjory Gordon identificó alteraciones en la percepción del manejo de la salud, el metabolismo y la tolerancia al estrés. A partir de estos hallazgos, se establecieron diagnósticos de enfermería priorizando el control de impulsos ineficaz, la disponibilidad para mejorar la autogestión de la salud y la ansiedad. Las intervenciones implementadas incluyeron psicoeducación, estrategias de autocontrol, adherencia al tratamiento y técnicas de relajación.
Los resultados evidenciaron mejoras en la estabilidad emocional y funcionalidad de la paciente, destacando el papel crucial de la enfermería en la gestión del trastorno esquizoafectivo. Se enfatiza la necesidad de un abordaje interdisciplinario y de estrategias individualizadas para optimizar la adherencia terapéutica y prevenir recaídas en este grupo poblacional.
Schizoaffective disorder is a complex psychiatric pathology that combines psychotic symptoms with mood disorders, making its clinical approach difficult. This case study analyzes the evolution of a 61 year old patient diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder, characterized by depressive and manic episodes with psychotic exacerbations. It was shown that the interruption of pharmacological treatment, triggered by psychosocial stressors, precipitated symptomatic crises that required psychiatric hospitalization.
The nursing assessment based on Marjory Gordon’s functional patterns identified alterations in the perception of health management, metabolism, and stress tolerance. Based on these findings, nursing diagnoses were established prioritizing ineffective impulse control, the willingness to improve self-management of health, and anxiety. The interventions implemented included psychoeducation, self-control strategies, adherence to treatment, and relaxation techniques.
The results showed improvements in the patient’s emotional stability and functionality, highlighting the crucial role of nursing in the management of schizoaffective disorder. The need for an interdisciplinary approach and individualized strategies to optimize therapeutic adherence and prevent relapses in this population group is emphasized.
KEY WORDSSchizoaffective disorder is a complex psychiatric pathology that combines psychotic symptoms with mood disorders, making its clinical approach difficult. This case study analyzes the evolution of a 61 year old patient diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder, characterized by depressive and manic episodes with psychotic exacerbations. It was shown that the interruption of pharmacological treatment, triggered by psychosocial stressors, precipitated symptomatic crises that required psychiatric hospitalization.
The nursing assessment based on Marjory Gordon’s functional patterns identified alterations in the perception of health management, metabolism, and stress tolerance. Based on these findings, nursing diagnoses were established prioritizing ineffective impulse control, the willingness to improve self-management of health, and anxiety. The interventions implemented included psychoeducation, self-control strategies, adherence to treatment, and relaxation techniques.
The results showed improvements in the patient’s emotional stability and functionality, highlighting the crucial role of nursing in the management of schizoaffective disorder. The need for an interdisciplinary approach and individualized strategies to optimize therapeutic adherence and prevent relapses in this population group is emphasized.
