Entrenamiento de la musculatura inspiratoria sobre la disnea en pacientes con EPOC: revisión bibliográfica

• Sánchez-Lozano, Jesús ^[1] ; Martínez-Pizarro, Sandra ^[2]
  1. [1] Departamento de fisioterapia. Centro de fisioterapia. Policlínica Baza
  2. [2] Departamento de enfermería. Centro de salud de Baza. España
• Localización: Enfermería Docente, ISSN-e 2386-8678, Nº. 119, 2024, págs. 10-21
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Inspiratory muscle training on dyspnea in patients with COPD: bibliographic review
• Enlaces
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  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    Introducción: La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica produce disnea y tos, y causa 3 millones de defunciones al año. El objetivo fue analizar la evidencia sobre los efectos del entrenamiento muscular inspiratorio sobre la disnea en pacientes con EPOC. Método: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica. Se consultaron las bases de datos PubMed, Cinahl, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Academic Search Complete, Lilacs, IBECS, CENTRAL, SciELO, WOS y PEDROS. Se utilizó la herramienta Cochrane para valorar el riesgo de sesgo y la calidad de la evidencia se valoró con GRADE. Resultados: Un total de once ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorizados (n=378) fueron seleccionados. Los resultados mostraron que el entrenamiento de la musculatura inspiratoria produce mejoras estadísticamente significativas en pacientes con EPOC. Conclusiones: La literatura analizada muestra que el entrenamiento de la musculatura inspiratoria es efectivo para la disnea en pacientes con EPOC. Además, puede mejorar la ansiedad, depresión, prueba de la marcha de seis minutos, calidad de vida, fuerza de los músculos inspiratorios, resistencia de los músculos respiratorios, reduce la hiperinflación dinámica y la hospitalización.

  • English

    Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease produces dyspnea and cough, and causes 3 million deaths per year. The objective was to analyze the evidence on the effects of inspiratory muscle training on dyspnea in patients with COPD. Method: A review was carried out following the PRISMA regulations. The databases PubMed, Cinahl, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Academic Search Complete, Lilacs, IBECS, CENTRAL, SciELO, WOS and PEDROS were consulted. The Cochrane tool was used to assess the risk of bias and the quality of the evidence was assessed with GRADE. Results: A total of eleven randomized controlled clinical trials (n=378) were selected. The results showed that inspiratory muscle training produces statistically significant improvements in patients with COPD. Conclusions: The literature analyzed shows that inspiratory muscle training is effective for dyspnea in patients with COPD. It can also improve anxiety, depression, six-minute walk test, quality of life, inspiratory muscle strength, respiratory muscle endurance, reduce dynamic hyperinflation and hospitalization.

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