Acceso usuarios
Fabiana Inés Reboiras, Rocío Deza, Julián Andrés Mur, Carolina Roni, María Isabel Fernández Cedro, Ignacio López Leavy, Mauricio Fidel Mendoza González, Manuel Salvador Luzania Valerio, María de Lourdes Mota Morales, Francisco Domingo Vázquez Martínez
Resumen Introducción a nivel internacional, diversos estudios han señalado altos índices de maltrato en residencias médicas. Este artículo analiza 2 investigaciones en Argentina y México que abordan las condiciones laborales y formativas en estos programas, destacando las problemáticas comunes de maltrato y discriminación. Métodos se utilizó un diseño descriptivo-interpretativo, de corte transversal, basado en instrumentos aplicados previa e independientemente en cada país. En Argentina, se utilizó una encuesta semiestructurada con 509 residentes para evaluar maltrato en 5 dimensiones: educativo, psicoemocional, discriminación, violencia física y acoso sexual. En México, se aplicó un cuestionario tipo Likert a 517 residentes para medir el respeto a los derechos laborales y educativos. Los datos se analizaron comparativamente mediante medidas de frecuencia y discusión binacional. Resultados los resultados evidencian situaciones de discriminación y maltrato, en concordancia con la revisión de la literatura local, regional e internacional, que documenta estos fenómenos en los ambientes de formación y trabajo del personal médico residente. En México se reportó un 58,4% de discriminación y en Argentina, un 22%. Con respecto al trato, en México el 69,8% percibió falta de respeto por parte de los docentes, y en Argentina el 39,1% reportó calificaciones degradantes o gritos. Conclusiones las condiciones de formación en residencias médicas en ambos países reflejan problemáticas comunes que afectan la calidad de la educación médica. Se sugiere la creación de un instrumento común para evaluar y comparar las condiciones de formación de residentes en distintos contextos latinoamericanos, con el fin de contribuir a la mejora de los sistemas de salud en la región. Introduction International studies have reported high rates of mistreatment in medical residency programs. This article analyzes two studies conducted in Argentina and Mexico that examine working and training conditions in these programs, highlighting common issues of mistreatment and discrimination. Methods A descriptive-interpretative, cross-sectional design was used, based on instruments previously applied independently in each country. In Argentina, a semi-structured survey was conducted with 509 residents to assess mistreatment across five dimensions: educational, psycho-emotional, discrimination, physical violence, and sexual harassment. In Mexico, a Likert-scale questionnaire was applied to 517 residents to measure respect for labor and educational rights. Data were analyzed comparatively through frequency measures and binational discussion. Results The findings align with local, regional, and international literature, revealing mistreatment and discrimination in the training and working environments of medical residents. Both contexts show evidence of discrimination and mistreatment. In Mexico 58.4% of discrimination was reported and in Argentina 22%. Regarding treatment, 69.8% of residents in Mexico perceived a lack of respect from faculty, while in Argentina, 39.1% reported degrading comments or shouting. Conclusions Training conditions in medical residencies in both countries reflect common challenges that impact medical education quality. The creation of a standardized instrument to assess and compare residency training conditions across different Latin American contexts is suggested, contributing to the improvement of healthcare systems in the region.
Introduction International studies have reported high rates of mistreatment in medical residency programs. This article analyzes two studies conducted in Argentina and Mexico that examine working and training conditions in these programs, highlighting common issues of mistreatment and discrimination. Methods A descriptive-interpretative, cross-sectional design was used, based on instruments previously applied independently in each country. In Argentina, a semi-structured survey was conducted with 509 residents to assess mistreatment across five dimensions: educational, psycho-emotional, discrimination, physical violence, and sexual harassment. In Mexico, a Likert-scale questionnaire was applied to 517 residents to measure respect for labor and educational rights. Data were analyzed comparatively through frequency measures and binational discussion. Results The findings align with local, regional, and international literature, revealing mistreatment and discrimination in the training and working environments of medical residents. Both contexts show evidence of discrimination and mistreatment. In Mexico 58.4% of discrimination was reported and in Argentina 22%. Regarding treatment, 69.8% of residents in Mexico perceived a lack of respect from faculty, while in Argentina, 39.1% reported degrading comments or shouting. Conclusions Training conditions in medical residencies in both countries reflect common challenges that impact medical education quality. The creation of a standardized instrument to assess and compare residency training conditions across different Latin American contexts is suggested, contributing to the improvement of healthcare systems in the region.
