Acceso usuarios
Willebaldo Chalco Solis
, Yuliana Yessy Gómez Rutti, Miguel Ángel Castro Mattos, Florentina Gabriela Vidal Huamán
Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre el consumo defrutas y verduras con el perfil antropométrico y el riesgocardiovascular en adolescentes de una institución educativaprivada.Material y métodos: Estudio no experimental, cuantita-tivo, descriptivo y transversal, con una muestra de 159 ado-lescentes. Se evaluó la frecuencia de consumo de frutas yverduras y se midieron peso (kg), talla (m) y perímetro ab-dominal (cm). Para análisis estadísticos se usaron la pruebaexacta de Fisher (asociación entre consumo y riesgo cardio-vascular), Rho de Spearman (consumo y medidas antropo-métricas) y regresión lineal múltiple para predecir perímetroabdominal e índice de masa corporal (IMC) según ingesta defrutas y verduras. Nivel de significancia p<0,05.Resultados: El 81,1% de los adolescentes presentaronIMC normal y el 15,1% presentaron riesgo alto de enferme-dades cardiovasculares y metabólicas. Existe asociación entreel riesgo cardiovascular y metabólico con la ingesta de du-razno (p=0,04), naranja (p=0,001), mandarina (p=0,001) ymanzana (p=0,001). El consumo frecuente de frutas y hor-talizas se asoció de forma significativa con una reducción delperímetro abdominal, destacó la naranja (B = -1,489 cm; p < 0,001), seguida de brócoli (B = -1,785 cm; p = 0,020),caigua (B = -1,651 cm; p = 0,003), cebolla (B = -1,426 cm;p = 0,002), espinaca (B = -1,121 cm; p = 0,003), tomate (B = -0,892 cm; p = 0,017) y manzana (B = -0,854 cm; p = 0,025). También se observó una reducción en el IMC conel consumo de naranja (B = -0,848 kg/m²; p < 0,001), cebo-lla (B = -0,631 kg/m²; p = 0,003), brócoli (B = -0,774 kg/m²;p = 0,029) y caigua (B = -0,517 kg/m²; p = 0,049)Conclusión: La mayoría de los adolescentes presentó undiagnóstico nutricional normal según su IMC. Por cada unidadde incremento en el consumo de estos alimentos, se estimóuna disminución en el perímetro abdominal de entre 0,85 y1,78 cm y el IMC disminuye entre 0,51 y 0,85 kg/m².
Objective: To determine the association between fruit andvegetable consumption, anthropometric profile, and cardio-vascular risk in adolescents attending a private educational in-stitution. Material and methods: This was a non-experimental, quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study with asample of 159 adolescents. Frequency of fruit and vegetableconsumption was assessed, and weight (kg), height (m), andwaist circumference (cm) were measured. Statistical analysesincluded Fisher’s exact test (association between consump-tion and cardiovascular risk), Spearman’s rho test (consump-tion and anthropometric measurements), and multiple linearregression to predict waist circumference and body mass in-dex (BMI) based on fruit and vegetable intake. Significancelevel was set at p < 0.05. Results: 81.1% of adolescents had a normal BMI, and15.1% were at high risk for cardiovascular and metabolic dis-eases. There was an association between cardiovascular andmetabolic risk and the intake of peaches (p=0.04), oranges(p=0.001), tangerines (p=0.001), and apples (p=0.001).Frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables was significantlyassociated with a reduction in abdominal perimeter, highlight-ing orange (B = -1.489 cm; p < 0.001), followed by broccoli (B = -1.785 cm; p = 0.020), caigua (B = -1.651 cm; p = 0.003),onion (B = -1.426 cm; p = 0.002), spinach (B = -1.121 cm; p = 0.003), tomato (B = -0.892 cm; p = 0.017) and apple (B = -0.854 cm; p = 0.025). A reduction in BMI was also ob-served with the consumption of oranges (B = -0.848 kg/m²; p < 0.001), onions (B = -0.631 kg/m²; p = 0.003), broccoli (B = -0.774 kg/m²; p = 0.029), and caigua (B = -0.517 kg/m²;p = 0.049). Conclusion: The majority of adolescents had a normal nu-tritional diagnosis based on their BMI. For each unit increasein consumption of these foods, a decrease in waist circumfer-ence of between 0.85 and 1.78 cm was estimated, and BMIdecreased between 0.51 and 0.85 kg/m².
