SARS-CoV-2: generalidades bioquímicas y métodos de diagnóstico

• Peña López, Brigitte Ofelia ^[1] ; Rincón Orozco, Bladimiro ^[1] ; Castillo León, John Jairo ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad Industrial de Santander

     Universidad Industrial de Santander

     Colombia

     
• Localización: NOVA, ISSN-e 2462-9448, ISSN 1794-2470, Vol. 18, Nº. 35, 2020, págs. 11-33
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.22490/24629448.4183
• Títulos paralelos:
  • SARS-CoV-2: biochemical aspects and diagnostic methods
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    El 31 de diciembre de 2019 la comisión municipal de salud de Wuhan (provincia de Hubei, China) informa sobre un inusitado brote de casos de neumonía en la ciudad. Posteriormente se determina que se trata de un nuevo coronavirus designado inicialmente como 2019-nCoV y posteriormente, SARS-CoV-2. El SARS-CoV-2 infecta y se replica en los neumocitos y macrófagos del sistema respiratorio específicamente en el parénquima pulmonar en donde reside el receptor celular ACE-2. Esta revisión describe aspectos relacionados con la transmisión, prevención, generalidades bioquímicas del SARS-CoV-2 y métodos diagnósticos del COVID-19. Inicialmente se describe la forma de transmisión del virus y algunas recomendaciones generales para su prevención. Posteriormente, se hace una descripción detallada de los aspectos bioquímicos del SARS-CoV-2, su ciclo infeccioso y la estructura de la proteína S, la cual está involucrada con el proceso de ingreso del virus a la célula. Finalmente, se describen los métodos y pruebas de laboratorio para el diagnóstico del COVID-19.

  • English

    On December 31, 2019, Wuhan Municipal Health Commission (Hubei Province, China) reports on an unusual outbreak of pneumonia cases in the city. Subsequently it is determined that it is a new coronavirus initially designated as 2019-nCoV and later, SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 infects and replicates in pneumocytes and macrophages of the respiratory system specifically in the lung parenchyma where the ACE-2 cell receptor resides. This review describes aspects related to the transmission, prevention, biochemical generalities of SARS-CoV-2 and diagnostic methods of COVID-19. Initially, it describes the form of virus transmission and general recommendations for its prevention. Subsequently, a detailed description is made of the biochemical aspects of SARS-CoV-2, its infectious cycle and the structure of protein S, which is involved in the process of entry of the virus into the cell. Finally, the methods and laboratory tests for the diagnosis of COVID-19 are described.

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