Revisión sistemática sobre la adherencia terapéutica en tratamientos crónicos: un análisis integral de factores y estrategias

• Autores: Ariadna Lancis Garcia, Laura Cañada Osma, Miguel Ángel Tonello Gallego, Daniel Rodrigálvarez Utrilla, María Pilar Legido Román, Javier Cabrejas Cabrejas
• Localización: Revista Sanitaria de Investigación, ISSN-e 2660-7085, Vol. 6, Nº. 2, 2025
• Idioma: español
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    Introducción: La adherencia terapéutica es clave para el manejo de enfermedades crónicas, pero su incumplimiento es frecuente debido a barreras individuales, sociales y culturales. Esto afecta los resultados de salud, incrementa la carga económica y genera complicaciones. Este artículo revisa factores asociados y estrategias para mejorar el cumplimiento terapéutico.

    Objetivo: Analizar los factores que influyen en la adherencia terapéutica en enfermedades crónicas y explorar intervenciones efectivas para mejorarla, proporcionando herramientas útiles para los profesionales de la salud.

    Metodología: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en bases de datos científicas como PubMed y Scopus, seleccionando estudios sobre barreras para la adherencia y estrategias de intervención. Los factores se categorizaron en dimensiones sociodemográficas, psicológicas, del tratamiento y sociales.

    Resultados: La adherencia se ve influenciada por factores como la edad, el nivel educativo, la depresión, la ansiedad, la complejidad de los tratamientos y la falta de apoyo social. Intervenciones basadas en educación, tecnologías y apoyo emocional han mostrado ser eficaces para mejorar el cumplimiento.

    Discusión: La adherencia es multifactorial y requiere abordajes integrales. Las estrategias deben centrarse en la educación del paciente, la simplificación del tratamiento y el apoyo social. Las tecnologías emergentes presentan oportunidades, pero su implementación debe ser adaptada a cada contexto.

    Conclusiones: Mejorar la adherencia terapéutica requiere un enfoque personalizado que considere factores individuales y sociales. La educación, el apoyo social y la integración de tecnologías son estrategias prometedoras para optimizar el cumplimiento y los resultados de salud.

  • English

    Introduction: Therapeutic adherence is key to managing chronic diseases, but non-adherence is common due to individual, social, and cultural barriers. This affects health outcomes, increases economic burdens, and leads to complications. This article reviews associated factors and strategies to improve therapeutic adherence.

    Objective: To analyze the factors influencing therapeutic adherence in chronic diseases and explore effective interventions to improve it, providing useful tools for healthcare professionals.

    Methodology: A bibliographic review was conducted using scientific databases such as PubMed and Scopus, selecting studies on adherence barriers and intervention strategies. Factors were categorized into sociodemographic, psychological, treatment-related, and social dimensions.

    Results: Adherence is influenced by factors such as age, educational level, depression, anxiety, treatment complexity, and lack of social support. Interventions based on education, technology, and emotional support have proven effective in improving adherence.

    Discussion: Adherence is multifactorial and requires comprehensive approaches. Strategies should focus on patient education, treatment simplification, and social support. Emerging technologies present opportunities, but their implementation must be adapted to each context.

    Conclusions: Improving therapeutic adherence requires a personalized approach that considers individual and social factors. Education, social support, and the integration of technology are promising strategies to optimize adherence and health outcomes.

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