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Antecedentes: La obesidad se considera un problema de salud asociado a múltiples patologías, entre ellas determinados tipos de cáncer como el hepatocarcinoma, el cual ha tomado relevancia en los últimos tiempos. Objetivo: Analizar el síndrome metabólico y factores de riesgo asociados a hepatocarcinoma en un hospital de segundo nivel.
Material y método: Estudio analítico, retrospectivo y transversal en 65 expedientes del Hospital General Regional No. 1 de Orizaba, Veracruz con diagnóstico de hepatocarcinoma durante noviembre de 2022 a agosto de 2024, para determinar el factor de riesgo con mayor frecuencia presente en el hepatocarcinoma. Una vez obtenida la información mediante el instrumento de recolección de datos se realizó una base de datos en Excel para el análisis de resultados cualitativos, estadística descriptiva, obteniendo frecuencias y porcentajes, se realizó el análisis inferencial que se limita a observar el factor de riesgo con mayor frecuencia mediante Odds Ratio.
Resultados: Se estudiaron 65 expedientes con diagnóstico de hepatocarcinoma, al analizar los factores de riesgo, se encontró que 31 pacientes (47.69%) tenían el antecedente de consumo de alcohol de riesgo, sin embargo, en personas que no habían consumido alcohol predominó el síndrome metabólico 28 (43.07%). Con aplicación del método estadístico Odds Ratio se estimó que el consumo de alcohol de riesgo aumenta 3.51% el riesgo de padecer hepatocarcinoma, mientras que el síndrome metabólico lo aumenta en 1.29.
Conclusiones: Podemos concluir que, aunque continúa predominando el consumo de alcohol como factor de riesgo, existe una alta frecuencia de pacientes que a pesar de no tenerlo tuvieron el desarrollo de hepatocarcinoma, teniendo como único factor de riesgo el síndrome metabólico.
Background: Obesity is considered a health problem associated with multiple pathologies, including certain types of cancer such as hepatocellular carcinoma, which has gained relevance in recent times.
Objective: To analyze the metabolic syndrome and risk factors associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in a second level hospital.
Material and method: Analytical, retrospective and cross-sectional study in 65 records from the Regional General Hospital No. 1 of Orizaba, Veracruz with a diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma during November 2022 to August 2024, to determine the risk factor most frequently present in hepatocellular carcinoma. Once the information was obtained through the data collection instrument, an Excel database was created for the analysis of qualitative results, descriptive statistics, obtaining frequencies and percentages, and the inferential analysis was carried out, which is limited to observing the risk factor with higher frequency through Odds Ratio.
Results: 65 records with a diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma were studied; when analyzing the risk factors, it was found that 31 patients (47.69%) had a history of risky alcohol consumption; however, in people who had not consumed alcohol, the syndrome predominated. metabolic 28 (43.07%). Using the Odds Ratio statistical method, it was estimated that hazardous alcohol consumption increases the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma by 3.51, while metabolic syndrome increases it by 1.29.
Conclusions: We can conclude that, although alcohol consumption continues to predominate as a risk factor, there is a high frequency of patients who, despite not having alcohol, developed hepatocellular carcinoma, with metabolic syndrome as the only risk factor.
