Alteraciones psicológicas asociadas a la obesidad infantil: revisión sistemática

• Autores: Carolina Rodellar Pico, Lorena Saba Huerva, Raquel Mauri Mur, Nerea Gracia Viñuales, María Cesarea Escartín Lanuza, María Luz Pallardo Fernández Molina
• Localización: Revista Sanitaria de Investigación, ISSN-e 2660-7085, Vol. 5, Nº. 12, 2024
• Idioma: español
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    La obesidad infantil constituye un problema de salud pública global con prevalencias en aumento durante las últimas décadas. Sus repercusiones van más allá de las complicaciones físicas, incluyendo un impacto significativo en la salud psicológica de los niños y adolescentes. Esta revisión sistemática analiza las alteraciones psicológicas asociadas a la obesidad infantil, abordando trastornos como la depresión, ansiedad, baja autoestima, estigmatización social, y alteraciones conductuales. Se revisaron estudios publicados entre 2000 y 2023 en bases de datos como PubMed, Scopus y PsycINFO. La evidencia recopilada sugiere que la obesidad infantil está estrechamente vinculada a trastornos psicológicos, especialmente debido al estigma social y el aislamiento que experimentan los niños con sobrepeso. Además, estas alteraciones pueden perpetuar un ciclo negativo al influir en comportamientos no saludables relacionados con el peso. Los resultados subrayan la necesidad de intervenciones multidisciplinarias que consideren tanto los aspectos físicos como psicológicos de la obesidad infantil.

  • English

    Childhood obesity constitutes a global public health problem with increasing prevalence in recent decades. Its repercussions go beyond physical complications, including a significant impact on the psychological health of children and adolescents. This systematic review analyzes the psychological alterations associated with childhood obesity, addressing disorders such as depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, social stigmatization, and behavioral alterations. Studies published between 2000 and 2023 were reviewed in databases such as PubMed, Scopus and PsycINFO. The evidence collected suggests that childhood obesity is closely linked to psychological disorders, especially due to the social stigma and isolation experienced by overweight children. Additionally, these alterations can perpetuate a negative cycle by influencing unhealthy weight-related behaviors. The results underscore the need for multidisciplinary interventions that consider both the physical and psychological aspects of childhood obesity.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Word Health Organization. Childhood overweight and obesity. 2016. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
  • Sahoo K, Sahoo B, Choudhury AK, Sofi NY, Kumar R, Bhadoria AS. Childhood obesity: causes and consequences. J Family Med Prim Care. 2015;4(2):187-192.
  • Pont SJ, Puhl R, Cook SR, Slusser W. Stigma experienced by children and adolescents with obesity. Pediatrics. 2017;140(6):e20173034.
  • Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS...
  • Halfon N, Larson K, Slusser W. Associations between obesity and comorbid mental health conditions in children and adolescents. Acad Pediatr....
  • Blaine RE, Rodolfo V, Ludwig DS. Relation of childhood obesity to depression and anxiety. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2013;52(1):10-19.
  • Sanders RH, Han A, Baker JS, Cobley S. Childhood obesity and its physical and psychological comorbidities: a systematic review. Obes Rev....
  • Jansen PW, Roza SJ, Jaddoe VW, Mackenbach JD, Raat H, Hofman A, Verhulst FC, Tiemeier H. Children’s eating behavior, feeding practices of...
  • Rankin J, Matthews L, Cobley S, Han A, Sanders R, Wiltshire HD, Baker JS. Psychological consequences of childhood obesity: psychiatric comorbidity...
  • Miller GE, Cole SW. Clustering of depression and inflammation in adolescents previously exposed to childhood adversity. Biol Psychiatry. 2012;72(1):34-40.
  • Griffiths LJ, Parsons TJ, Hill AJ. Self-esteem and quality of life in obese children and adolescents: a systematic review. Int J Pediatr Obes....
  • Wardle J, Cooke L. The impact of obesity on psychological well-being. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;19(3):421-440.
  • Puhl RM, Latner JD. Stigma, obesity, and the health of the nation’s children. Psychol Bull. 2007;133(4):557-580.
  • Puhl RM, Heuer CA. Obesity stigma: important considerations for public health. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(6):1019-1028.
  • Puhl RM, Latner JD, O’Brien KS, Luedicke J, Danielsdottir S, Forhan M. A multinational examination of weight bias: predictors of anti-fat...
  • Tanofsky-Kraff M, Yanovski SZ, Schvey NA, Olsen CH, Gustafson J, Yanovski JA. A prospective study of loss of control eating for body weight...
  • Berkowitz RI, Rukstalis MR, Wadden TA, Bishop-Gilyard CT, Berkowitz C, Cronquist JL, Moore RH. Risk factors and behavioral patterns associated...
  • Taras H, Potts-Datema W. Obesity and student performance at school. J Sch Health. 2005;75(8):291-295.
  • Faith MS, Butryn M, Wadden TA, Fabricatore AN, Nguyen AM, Heymsfield SB. Evidence for prospective associations among depression and obesity...
  • Danielsen YS, Stormark KM, Nordhus IH, Mæhle M, Sundgot-Borgen J. Better Health in Youth: a systematic review of the effect of lifestyle interventions...