Valladolid, España
Valladolid, España
OBJETIVOS. Analizar la utilidad de diferentes escalas de gravedad para la valoración de la aparición de eventos adversos en los pacientes con intoxicaciones agudas que acuden a urgencias hospitalarias.
MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS. Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de pacientes mayores de 18 años que acudieron al servicio de urgencias por intoxicación medicamentosa aguda (IMA) o por drogas de abuso (IDA), durante 2022. Se recogieron datos demográficos, datos clínicos y analíticos. Se calcularon las escalas Poisonig Early Warning Score (PEWS), National Early Warning Score (NEWS) y Quick Sepsis related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA). Como variable dependiente se analizó la variable combinada “evento adverso” (EA) que incluyó la presencia de al menos una de las siguientes situaciones: ingreso en unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI), interconsulta a UCI, mortalidad intrahospitalaria, mortalidad a los 30 días, manejo avanzado de vía área, uso de drogas vasoactivas. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo univariante y multivariante. Se calculó el área bajo la curva (ABC) de la característica operativa del receptor (COR) de las escalas analizadas.
Se obtuvo un intervalo de confianza al 95% (IC 95%), considerándose estadísticamente significativa un valor de p < 0,05.
RESULTADOS. Se analizaron 240 pacientes, edad mediana: 40,8 años (RIC: 29,7-52,6), y 58,3% mujeres. La IMA fue la causa de intoxicación más frecuente (77,1%) y las benzodiacepinas el tóxico más empleado (57,5%), seguido del cannabis (10%) y la cocaína (8,8%). El 10% presentaron EA. La IMA se relacionó un 12,6% con EA frente al 1,6% de las IDA (p < 0,05). El ABC COR de las escalas PEWS, NEWS y qSOFA fueron respectivamente: 0,760 (IC 95%: 0,614-0,907, p < 0,001), 0,681 (IC 95%: 0,529-0,833, p < 0,05) y 0,667 (IC 95%: 0,533-0,802, p < 0,05). La escala PEWS obtuvo una sensibilidad del 0,62% (IC 95%: 0,38-0,86) y especificidad del 0,89% (IC 95%: 0,84-0,94). Cálculo de odds ratio (OR) en estudio multivariante: PEWS: OR de 13,993 (IC 95% 3,840-50,986, p < 0,001), NEWS: OR de 1,385 (IC 95%: 1,125-1,704), p < 0,05) y qSOFA una de OR: 3,171 (IC 95%: 1,563-6,434, p < 0,001).
CONCLUSIONES. La escala PEWS es una buena herramienta para la predicción de EA entre las IMA o IDA, siendo superior a la del resto de escalas analizadas.
OBJECTIVES. To analyze the usefulness of severity scales for assessing the development of adverse events in patients who attended our emergency department (ED) for acute poisoning.
MATERIAL AND METHODS. Retrospective descriptive study of patients over the age of 18 years who came to our ED for acute medication or street-drug poisoning in 2022. We collected demographic information, vital constants, and clinical and laboratory data. The severity scales used were the Poisoning Early Warning Score (PEWS), the National Early Warning Score (NEWS), and the Quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA). A composite adverse event outcome was the dependent variable. The composite included at least 1 of the following situations: admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), ED-ICU consultation, in-hospital mortality, 30-day mortality, need for advanced airway management, and need for vasoactive drugs. Descriptive statistics were compiled for univariate and multivariate analyses. We calculated the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of the various severity scales; 95% CIs were calculated for all statistics. Statistical significance was set at P < .05.
RESULTS. A total of 240 patients were included. The median (interquartile range) age was 40.8 years ( 29.7-52.6 years), and 58.3% were women. Medications were the most often used substances (in 77.1%), benzodiazepines being the medications most often used (57.5%).
Two street drugs, cannabis (10%) and cocaine (8.8%), were the next most commonly used substances. Ten percent of the patients developed adverse events. Medications were responsible for more adverse events (12.6%) than street drugs (1.6%) (P < .05). The AUCs for the 3 severity scales were, respectively: for the PEWS, 0.760 (95% CI, 0.614-0.907; P < .001); the NEWS, 0.681 (95% CI, 0.529-0.833;
P < .05); and the qSOFA, 0.667 (95% CI, 0.533-0.802; P < .05). The PEWS had a sensitivity of 0.62% (95% CI, 0.38%-0.86%) and a specificity of 0.89% (95% CI, 0.84%-0.94%). Odds ratios from the multivariate analysis were 13.993 (95% CI, 3.840-50.986; P < .001) for the PEWS; 1.385 (95% CI, 1.125-1.704); P < .05) for the NEWS; and 3.171 (95% CI, 1.563-6.434; P < .001) for the qSOFA.
CONCLUSIONS. The PEWS best predicts adverse events in cases of poisoning from medications or street-drugs.